In latest IE 11, I have the same issue which solved with KB2980019 for IE 10.
Can somebody say, how it is possible. But I don't know why it works in IE9, but doesn't in IE11. Tested on different windows (Server 2008R2, 7Pro, 10TechPreview).
Server can't get any data if I send file in formdata with NTLM authentication on server.
11.0.9600.17501 on Windows 7 x64
11.0.9600.16428 on Windows Server 2008 R2
11.0.9841.0 on Windows 10